Understanding TMJ Secondary Headaches

Written By John Coburn

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are often linked to secondary headaches, which result from dysfunction or inflammation in the jaw muscles and joints. Since the TMJ is closely connected to many muscles and nerves in the head, pain from this joint can often radiate, presenting as headaches. Often, the headache is the primary symptom. This blog will discuss the typical signs of TMJ secondary headaches, especially those that worsen with jaw function or are present in the morning, and the available treatments to alleviate them.

Typical Presentations of TMJ Secondary Headaches

1. Morning Headaches: Individuals often wake up with headaches due to nighttime teeth grinding or clenching, which places strain on the jaw muscles.

2. Headaches That Worsen With Jaw Function: Activities such as chewing, speaking, or yawning can aggravate TMJ-related headaches. This occurs because the overuse or improper functioning of the jaw muscles increases tension and discomfort.

3. Jaw Pain and Headache Correlation: The headache pain usually starts in the jaw, radiating to the temples or behind the eyes, causing a dull, aching sensation.

4. Limited Jaw Movement: Difficulty in fully opening or closing the mouth is a common symptom of TMJ dysfunction, which can lead to headache pain.

Treatments for TMJ Secondary Headaches

1. Jaw Rest and Lifestyle Adjustments:

  • Avoid Overuse: Reduce activities that strain the jaw, such as chewing gum or eating hard foods.

  • Stress Management: Implementing stress reduction techniques like meditation can reduce teeth clenching and associated headaches.

2. Physical Therapy:

  • TMJ Exercises: Gentle exercises aimed at stretching and strengthening the jaw muscles can relieve tension and reduce headache frequency.

3. Occlusal Appliances (Splints or Mouthguards):

  • Wearing a mouthguard at night helps prevent teeth grinding (bruxism), reducing morning headaches and jaw strain.

4. Medications:

  • Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can help reduce inflammation and pain.

  • Muscle Relaxants: For patients experiencing severe muscle tension, muscle relaxants can be prescribed to reduce tightness in the jaw.

5. Trigger Point Injections:

  • Lidocaine, Corticosteroid or Botox injections into the jaw muscles can relieve persistent muscle pain and headaches caused by TMJ dysfunction.

6. Surgical Intervention:

  • Arthrocentesis or TMJ Arthroscopy: In severe cases, minimally invasive surgical procedures may be required to restore proper jaw function and relieve chronic headaches.

TMJ secondary headaches, particularly those that worsen with jaw movement or occur in the morning, can be disruptive to daily life. However, with the right treatment plan, most patients can find significant relief. If you experience these symptoms, it’s essential to seek a comprehensive evaluation from a TMJ specialist .

At TMJ and Orofacial Pain, we specialize in diagnosing and treating TMJ disorders and associated headaches. Contact us today to learn more or schedule a consultation.

John Coburn